Independent Tribunal
Independent Tribunal · The record

Independent tribunals

When official institutions will not examine a question, citizens sometimes convene their own tribunal. They have no legal power. Their weight comes from evidence, openness and the people who sit on them. Several, including the Belmarsh and Gaza tribunals, trace their lineage to the Russell–Sartre Tribunal of 1966 on the Vietnam War.

Each record below sets out who convened the tribunal, what it asked, what it found, and its legal status. Findings are attributed to the tribunal and linked to its own published words.

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